Zoning Analysis Tools
Zoning is an odd duck. Zoning is unique among codes because you might not be able to build. Period.
Every other code will allow you to proceed if you can show compliance, which is generally just a matter of money - more of it.
With zoning, no amount of money can buy permission to proceed if you don't meet the requirements. Sometimes you have to wait a year before re-applying!
Traditionally, zoning investigation was not the architect's responsibility. It is not in the scope of Basic Services. Many public bodies think they are exempt from zoning requirements. (I don't agree.) And many private entities are oblivious. In both cases, you will find that no one is going to look at zoning, if you don't.
You want to know about zoning because you are sure to be considered the culprit if something goes wrong - no matter what the contract or tradition says.
We used two strategies.
For public clients we take a quick look at the requirements before we are told to ignore them. We then report on any POLITICAL liabilities that might lie ahead due to zoning along with an offer to investigate and report back as an additional service.
For private clients we ask how they want to handle the zoning investigation so that we know how to design the building to keep them out of hot water. We point out that we can do it as an additional service.
To oversimplify, zoning 'permits' certain uses, 'allows' others conditionally, and 'regulates' other requirements:
setbacks from property lines to structures,
curb cut locations (where drives may intersect the street)
parking,
signage,
fencing,
landscaping (often)
If you have a landscape architect or civil engineer on the design team, you might delegate the zoning issues to them. My experience is that you will still have to spend time reviewing the zoning ordinances yourself, if you want to make sure of compliance. The LAs are too willing to recommend exceptions, which are time consuming and not guaranteed of approval. The civil engineers are, well, engineers; and the first idea they have that meets zoning will be the last idea they explore.
Analysis Checklist
To assist us in doing the zoning investigations, we developed two documents - a checklist above and a standard format for the report below. (Click this link for a zip file.) These are both good starting points, but every project has its unique issues that need to be sussed out.
Report Example